LITERATURE REVIEWHoney bees collect nectar and pollen from flowers as a food source. Nutrients needed to grow colony populations and maintain their health come from nectar and pollen. The nectar, then transformed into honey, provides carbohydrates. Pollen in the form of bee bread meets dietary needs such as proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals (Huang 2010; Degrandi-Hoffman 2013). A study by Wakhle (1981) reported the versatile characters of pollen and bee products. Royal jelly produced by bees for the queen, for which pollen is most important, rich in essential nutrients. Pollen is the male reproductive cell of flowering plants. It is a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm). It contains a high concentration of reducing sugars, essential amino acids, unsaturated/saturated fatty acids, minerals Zn, Cu, Fe and a high K/Na ratio as well as significant amounts of several vitamins. The amount of these relevant nutritional components depends largely on the biological source of the pollen (Campos & Bogdanov, 2010)2.1 Bee-Pollen or Pollen collected by bees: Hundreds, and sometimes even millions of pollen grains per flower are collected by bees. bees and packed into pollen pellets on their hind legs using special combs and hairs (Krell 1996). As foraging bees collect nectar from the flower, pollen particles are sprinkled onto it. Pollen is brushed from the worker's body by its front and middle legs and transferred to a special structure in the hind legs called a cubiquela or pollen basket. Foraging bees unload their pollen by expelling pollen pellets from their legs into the cell. These pollens are referenced...... middle of article ......di & Mardan, 2011). Generally, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be defined as Gram positive, non-spore forming, catalase negative, lacking cytochromes, acid tolerant groups and facultative anaerobes which produce lactic acid as the main end product during fermentation carbohydrates. According to carbohydrate metabolism, they can be divided into two main groups:1. Homofermentative LAB (mainly produces lactic acid).2. Heterofermentative LAB (produces lactic acid, carbon dioxide, ethanol and/or acetic acid). This classification comes from the metabolic pathways used by organisms and the resulting end product. While homofermentatives use glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), heterofermentatives use the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphocetolase pathway (Bulut 2003) (Figure 2.2).Figure 2.2 Metabolic pathway of glucose utilization by LAB (Bulut, 2003)