IntroductionThis experiment is designed to study the actual flow in pipes. Three types of fluid flows were identified throughout this experiment. These are laminar, transitional and turbulent flows. Pressure gradients along the pipe were measured while pipe friction factors were calculated at different flow rates. Finally, the velocity profiles in the cross section of the pipes were plotted at different flow rates. The study of flow pipes is extremely important because the applications of the pipe system have been used in various fields in real life. For example, the transportation of consumed water, waste water, oil and gas seems to be easier after the application of a pipeline system.1.1 ObjectivesThis experiment was carried out to identify the Reynolds number values ​​for typical laminar, transitional and turbulent flow in a pipe with circular section. Furthermore, this experiment aimed to better understand the concept of friction applied to flow in pipes and to obtain the fully developed flow friction factor for a range of different flows. Finally, the velocity profile in the pipe cross-section for laminar and turbulent flow was measured and compared. 1.2 Structure of the report (edit after completion of the report) In this report, the theory of flow in pipes has been introduced. Next comes the experimental apparatus and experimental procedure necessary to carry out the experiment. Then, the recorded experimental results were compiled and displayed. A detailed analysis was carried out based on the experimental results. A comparison between the theoretical and experimental value was also carried out. Possible sources of error were identified, along with suggestions to improve the accuracy of the results. Last but not least, conc...... middle of paper ....... Thus, laminar flow should achieve fully developed fluid flow over a shorter development length compared to the turbulent flow. On the other hand, turbulent flow requires more time to reach fully developed flow because it is unstable, chaotic, and moves in all directions. In short, the result was not consistent with theory. The difference between the theory and the experimental result could be due to the assumption of laminar flow in test 1. The fluid flow in test 1 was actually a transitional flow which includes both the characteristics of laminar and turbulent flow. However, the laminar flow formula was used to calculate the development length. This could affect the accuracy of the development length calculation. Therefore, the result with greater development length in test 1 was considered explainable due to the invalid hypothesis. Figure 5.2 Laminar flow Figure 5.3 Turbulent flow